七年级下英语Unit6知识点(译林版)
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7B Unit 6 Outdoor funs知识点
Comic strip
1.Outdoor fun 户外趣事
outdoor形容词,意为“户外的”,在句中只能用作定语。同义词为outside(外部的)
e.g: Outdoor sunlight is very good for our health.户外的阳光对我们的健康很有好处。
[拓展]outdoor常构成固定短语:
outdoor activities 室外活动
outdoor life 野外生活
outdoor exercises 户外运动
outdoor theatre 露天剧场
2.Hurry up, Eddie. Eddie快点。
hurry up快点,赶快;常用于祈使句,不能用于否定句。hurry动词,意为“急忙,匆忙”,后面直接接表示方向的副词或介词短语,习惯上不接go,come,move等之类的表示运动方向的动词
e.g: Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.快点,否则你上课要迟到了。
She hurried to the airport.她匆匆赶往机场。
[拓展]hurry还可作名词,意为“匆忙;仓促;急忙”,固定短语in a hurry(匆忙地)
e.g: He was in a hurry to leave.他急切地要离开。
[提醒]hurry off/away匆匆离去
e.g: Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.赵老师匆匆赶去照看那个男人。
3.You complain too much.你抱怨的太多。
complain动词,意为“抱怨”,指心中对人或事物不满或身体感到不适或因痛苦而对别人诉说、抱怨。固定短语有: complain about sth. 抱怨某事;complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事
e.g: You have no reason to complain.你没有理由抱怨。
She often complains about the price of food.她常常抱怨食品的价格。
[提醒]表示“向某人抱怨某事”,要用complain to sb. about sth.
e.g: I have to complain to the manager about it.就这件事我不得不向经理申诉。
Welcome to the unit
1.cycling
cycling名词,意为“骑自行车运动”,动词为cycle(骑自行车)
e.g: Beijing is a good place for cycling.北京是一个骑自行车运动的好地方。
They cycled 100 miles around the lake.他们围着湖骑行了100英里。
Reading
1.She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起头,看到了一只穿着外套的白色兔子走了过去。
(1)look up在句中意为“抬头看;往上看”。look up还有“查阅”之意
e.g: My brother looked up from his book as I walked into his room.当我走进我弟弟的房间时,他从书里抬起头看了看。
The students went to the library to look up the information.学生们去图书馆查资料了。
[拓展]look构成的其他常用短语:
look over 查看;审阅 look through浏览
look after照料;保管 look out 当心;留神
look round/around环顾四周 look down on/upon藐视;看不起
(2)pass动词,意为“经过”,后面接名词或代词作宾语
e.g: I passed the shop on my way to the library.我在去图书馆的路上经过了那家商店。
[拓展]pass作动词,还可表示“通过;度过”
e.g: In the end, I passed the English exam.最后,我通过了英语考试。
pass作动词,还可表示“传,递”,pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物传给某人
e.g: Pass me some bread, please.请递一些面包给我。
(3)by副词,意为“经过”,常与动词go,walk,run等连用
e.g: I saw Tom walking by, carrying two books.我看到Tom拿着两本书走过去了。
[拓展]by还可作介词,意为“靠近;在...旁边;通过;被;经由”
e.g: The house by the lake is a restaurant.湖边的那座房子是家饭店。
Do you often go to school by bike?你经常骑自行车去上学吗?
Please learn the new words by heart.请用心记住这些生词。
2.It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time.它从口袋里拿出一只表,看了看时间。
take out是固定短语,表示“取出;拔出;除掉”。其中out是副词,名词作宾语放在out前后都可以;但若是代词作宾语须放在take与out之间。若表示“从...取出某物”用介词of
e.g: He opened his schoolbag and took out a notebook/took a notebook out.他打开书包,拿出了一个笔记本。
Your pen is in the box. Please take it out.你的钢笔在盒子里。请取出来。
[拓展]take out还表示“把...带出去”
e.g: My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我父亲要带我出去兜风。
[提醒]out of短语后若无宾语,则应将of省略
3.Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.Alice不想让那个兔子逃脱,所以她也跳下了那个洞。
get away逃脱
e.g: The robbers rushed into the car and got away quickly.抢劫犯冲进小汽车迅速逃脱了。
[拓展]get away还表示“离开”
e.g:I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。
4.Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.Ailce下落了很长一段时间,然后她撞到了地面。
(1)fall动词,意为“落下,掉落;倒下,跌落,”固定短语有:fall down掉下,摔下;fall off 掉下,跌落;fall behind落后,跟不上;fall over跌翻,摔倒
e.g: Babies often fall when they are learning to walk.婴儿学走路时时常会跌倒。
Please climb down the tree, or you will fall down.请从树上下来,不然你会摔下来的。
[拓展]fall作名词,表示“秋天”,相当于英式英语中的autumn
e.g: Fall is a harvest season.秋天是收获的季节。
(2)hit动词,意为“击中,撞”,后面直接接人或物作宾语
e.g: Look out! Don’t hit the tree.当心!不要撞在树上。
[提醒]在表达“击中”或“打了”某人某个部位时,英语用“主语+谓语+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”结构,常用的介词有on,in。在脸、肚子等较柔软的部位,用in;在头、鼻子、背等较硬部位,用on
e.g: She hit in the face/on the head.她打了他的脸/头。
[拓展]hit作动词,还可表示“袭击,使...遭受”
e.g: A typhoon hit Taiwan last month.上个月,一场台风袭击了台湾。
5.She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她发现她独自一人在一个又长又矮的大厅里。
(1)find herself alone为固定结构“find+宾语+形容词”,表示“发觉某人/某物处于某种(意外的)状态”;find动词,还可意为“认为,觉得”
e.g: I find English very important.我认为英语很重要。
[提醒]“find+宾语+介词短语”结构表示“发觉某人/某物(在哪里)”
e.g: He woke up and found himself in a hospital bed.他醒来发觉自己躺在医院的床上。
[拓展]类似的结构有:“keep/make/think...+宾语+形容词”
e.g: We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。
His words made us happy.他的话让我们很高兴。
(2)alone形容词,意为“独自,单独”,习惯上只用作表语,指客观上独自一人,相当于by oneself或on one's own
e.g: Some parents sometimes have to leave their children alone at home.一些父母有时不得不把孩子一个人留在家里。
[拓展]alone作副词,意为“单独;独自”
e.g: The old man lives alone in the country.这位老人独自住在农村。
(3)low形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,一般指有形物体的高度、温度、价格、声音等方面的高低,作定语或表语。反义词为high(高的)
e.g: The temperature is high/low these days.这些天温度高/低。
[拓展]low还可作副词,意为“低地;低声地”,放在动词之后
e.g: My hometown lies low in a hidden valley.我的家乡位于一个隐蔽的山谷里。
6.There were doors all around, but they were all locked.四周都有门,但是都是锁着的。
lucked形容词,意为“锁上的”,动词lock(锁上;锁好,关好),过去式为locked
e.g: The building was locked, and all of us felt safe.大楼被锁上了,我们都感到安全了。
Are you sure you locked the front door?你确定锁了前门吗?
[拓展]类似在词尾加-ed构成其形容词的动词有:
close关,关闭--closed 关着的
pollute污染--polluted受污染的
7.Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.然后Alice注意到了一个小门,并把钥匙投了进去。
(1)notice动词,意为“注意,察觉”,后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语
e.g:He was so busy that he didn’t notice me.他太忙了,没有注意到我。
[提醒]notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事;notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事
e.g:He noticed a bird singing in the tree.他注意到一只鸟正在树上唱歌。
I noticed him enter the office.我注意到他进了办公室。
[拓展]notice 还可作名词,意为“通告,通知,布告”,复数为notices
e.g:There is a notice on the wall.墙上有一则通告。
(2)put...into...动词短语,意为“把...放进...”,into介词,意为“到...里面”
e.g: Don’t put the old photo into your wallet.不要把那张旧照片放进你的钱包。
[拓展]put 与不同的介词连用构成不同的短语:put...on/under/behind...把...放在...上/下/后面
e.g:You should put the football under the bed.你应当把足球放在床下面。
8.Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.Alice试着穿过这扇门,但是她太大了。
through介词,意为“穿过,通过”,强调从某个立体空间内穿越,指穿过隧道、窗户、门、森林等
e.g:The dog can’t walk through the hole.这只狗不能从这个洞钻过去。
[辨析] through,across,over与past
词条
| 含义
| 用法
| through
| 介词,意为“穿过,通过”
| 强调从某个立体空间内穿越
| across
| 介词,意为“穿过”
| 强调从某个平面的一边到另一边
| over
| 介词,意为“越过,跨越”
| 强调从某物的正上面跨越
| past
| 介词,意为“经过,超过”
| 强调从某物/某人的旁边经过
|
e.g:You can see through the glass.你可以透过这块玻璃看过去。
Walk across the bridge, and you’ll see a tall tree.走过那座桥,你会看见一棵大树。
Tom likes jumping over the chair.Tom喜欢从椅子上跳过去。
He is walking past the post office.他正从邮局旁边走过。
Grammar
1.一般过去时
行为动词一般过去时的各种句型结构:
| 句型结构
| | 主语+动词的过去式+其他
| | 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。(其中didn’t=did not,did是do的过去式,为助动词。)
| | | Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.
否定回答:No,主语+did+not.
| | 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
|
2.We put up our tent near a lake. 我们把我们的帐篷搭在湖边。
put up “挂起,举起”,常用于挂旗子、举手等。宾语是名词时,可放在put与up的中间或后面,但宾语是代词时,一定要放在中间。
[拓展]put up 张贴
e.g: Please put up these posters on the wall quickly. 请快点把这些海报张贴到墙上。
put构成的短语有:
put on 穿上
put out 扑灭
put away 收起来;放好
put off 推迟,延期
Integrated skills
1.found a new way to make paper 找到一种新方法来造纸
make paper “造纸”,是“动词+名词”结构。
make (v.)“做,制作”,指用材料来制作某事或制造一种从前不存在的东西。
[拓展]make常构成的短语有:
make clothes 做衣服
make dumplings 做水饺
make a kite 做风筝
make model planes 制作飞机模型
make too much noise 发出太多噪音
2.used bamboo to make kites 用竹子来制作风筝
use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
[拓展]used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而现在已不再发生或存在。
e.g: They used to be good friends. 他们过去是好朋友。
3.made a bird out of wood 用木头做一只鸟
wood (n.)木头,木材
形容词 wooden(木制的)
e.g: Our desks and chairs are made of wood. 我们的课桌椅是木制的。
I want to buy a wooden box. 我想买个木匣子。
[拓展]类似的由物质名词加后缀-en构成的形容词还有:
gold(金子) golden(金色的,金质的)
wool(羊毛) woolen(羊毛的,毛纺的)
4.In the ... century, an Italian man called ... visited China.
在……世纪,一位叫做……的意大利人拜访了中国。
century (n.)世纪,百年
e.g: We are living in the 21st century. 我们生活在21世纪。
[拓展]用century表示“几世纪”,要用固定结构“the+序数词+century”,century前需用序数词,并加定冠词the。
e.g: the twentieth century 20世纪
[提醒]this century或the century指“本世纪”;last century指“上个世纪”;next century指“下个世纪”。
5.Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making ... from then on.
山东省的一个城市潍坊,从那时起因为制作……而出名。
from then on 从那时起,作时间状语,与一般过去时连用,相当于from that time on。
e.g: From then on, he worked harder. 从那时起,他工作更加努力了。
6.We’re having a picnic today. 今天我们在野餐。
have a picnic 去野餐,相当于go for a picnic
picnic (n.)野餐
e.g: If the weather is nice, we’ll go out for a picnic. 如果天气好,我们将去野餐。
[拓展]由“have a + 名词”构成的短语有:
have a look 看一看
have a seat 坐下
have a chat 聊天
have a try 试一试
Task
1.She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller.
她低头看到自己的身体变得越来越小。
become (v.)“开始变得,变成”,后接形容词或名词短语作表语。
e.g: The sky becomes cloudy. 天空变得多云了。
[拓展]类似become的连系动词有:look, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。
2.Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.
很快爱丽丝变得足够小能穿过那扇门,所以她决定进入花园。
(1)decide (v.)决定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
e.g: My home is only 5 minutes’ walk from school. I decide to walk there every day.
我家到学校只要步行五分钟。我决定每天步行上学。
[提醒]decide to do sth.否定式为decide not to do sth.,表示“决定不做某事”。
(2)enter (v.)“进入,加入”,后面不能接介词,相当于come/go into。
e.g: Please enter the house by the back door. 请从后门进屋。
[拓展]enter (v.)“参加”,后面可接考试、比赛等。
e.g: He is going to enter the drawing competition. 他将要去参加绘画比赛。
[提醒]enter的名词为entrance,意为“进入,入口处”,the entrance to ...表示“……的入口处”。
3.When she walked towards the door, she forgot about the key.
当她走向门的时候,她忘了钥匙这件事情。
(1)towards (prep.)“向,朝”,还可写成toward,强调方向性,常与动词连用,后接名词或代词。
e.g: The sunflower turns toward(s) the Sun. 向日葵朝向太阳。
[辨析]towards与to
词条
| 含义
| 用法
| towards
| 介词,意为“向,朝”
| 只表示“方向”,不含到达某地之意
| to
| 介词,意为“向,朝;面对”
| 表示向目的地走,往往带有“已到达某地”的意思
|
(2)用法forget about表示“忘记;遗忘”,其中about可省略。forget后跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作宾语。
e.g: I almost forgot my umbrella. 我差一点就忘了我的雨伞。
[注意]①forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事(事情还未做)”
e.g: Don’t forget to close the window when you leave the room. 离开房间时不要忘了关窗户。
②forget doing sth. 表示“忘记了做过某事(事情已经做完)”
e.g: I forgot telling him about it. 我忘记了曾经告诉过他这件事。
4.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.
爱丽丝不得不回到桌子边,但是她太小了以至于够不到钥匙。
(1)too ... to ...太……而不能……,too后面接形容词原形;to是动词不定式符号。
e.g: My son is too young to join the army. 我儿子太小不能参军。
[拓展]too...to...可与“形容词+enough to do sth.”转换使用。
e.g: The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is not old enough to go to school.
这男孩太小了,不能上学。
(2)reach (v.)“伸手(脚)够到”,后面直接跟宾语。
e.g: The apples on the tree are red and big, but I can’t reach them.树上的苹果又红又大,但我够不到。
[拓展]reach (v.)“到达”,后面直接跟宾语,相当于get to或arrive at/in。
e.g: Mr and Mrs Black will reach Shanghai tomorrow afternoon. 布莱克夫妇将于明天下午到达上海。
5.She tried to climb up, but failed. 她试图爬起来,但是失败了。
(1)climb (v.)“爬,攀登”,后面直接跟宾语,也常与up, down, into, to, over等介词连用。
e.g: All cats like climbing up trees. 所有的猫都喜欢爬树。
[拓展]与climb有关的常用短语有:
climb (up) the tree 爬(上)树
climb (down) the hill 爬(下)山
climb the ladder 爬梯子
(2)fail “失败”,通常强调做了,但是没有成功。
固定短语: fail in sth. 在某事上失败了
fail to do sth. 做某事失败了
反义词:succeed(成功)
e.g: He wanted to run away but failed. 他想逃跑,但失败了。
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